Dr. Ameen, ENT Specialist in Kuala Lumpur

Unveiling the Intriguing Manifestations of HIV in ENT

Introduction:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), a global health concern, affects various systems in the body, including the Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT). The complex interactions between HIV and the ENT region can lead to a diverse range of manifestations. Let’s embark on a captivating journey to explore the unique and intriguing manifestations of HIV in ENT.

1. Oropharyngeal Candidiasis:
HIV weakens the immune system, making individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections like oropharyngeal candidiasis, commonly known as thrush. This condition presents as white patches on the tongue, palate, or throat, causing discomfort, pain, and difficulty swallowing.

2. Sinusitis:
HIV-related sinusitis is characterized by chronic inflammation and infection of the sinuses. Patients may experience nasal congestion, facial pain, headaches, and a reduced sense of smell. This manifestation often requires specialized treatment to manage symptoms effectively.

3. Lymphoid Hyperplasia:
Enlarged lymphoid tissues in the neck, known as lymphoid hyperplasia, are commonly seen in HIV-positive individuals. This condition can lead to a visible swelling in the neck, causing discomfort and affecting breathing and swallowing.

4. Recurrent Ear Infections:
HIV weakens the immune response against bacterial and viral pathogens, rendering individuals more prone to recurrent ear infections. Patients may experience ear pain, discharge, and temporary hearing loss, necessitating prompt medical attention.

5. Kaposi Sarcoma:
Kaposi sarcoma, a type of cancer associated with HIV, can also manifest in the ENT region. The lesions typically appear as purple or reddish-brown patches or nodules on the palate, tongue, or throat. Early detection and treatment are vital to manage this potentially serious condition.

6. Sensorineural Hearing Loss:
HIV-related sensorineural hearing loss can occur due to direct viral damage to the auditory system or as a side effect of certain antiretroviral medications. Individuals may experience gradual or sudden hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), or difficulty understanding speech.

7. Salivary Gland Enlargement:
HIV-associated salivary gland enlargement, commonly affecting the parotid glands, can lead to swelling in the cheeks and jaw region. This condition, known as parotid hypertrophy, can cause discomfort and aesthetic concerns.

Conclusion:
The manifestations of HIV in the ENT region present a unique and intriguing aspect of the disease. From opportunistic infections to cancerous lesions and auditory complications, the impact of HIV on the ENT system is significant. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for timely diagnosis, management, and holistic care of individuals living with HIV.

Komen saya: Buat masa sekarang…HIV di kalangan pesakit pesakit ENT di kuala lumpur agak jarang dijumpai. Kebanyakan pesakit HIV ini sudah menjalani rawatan untuk mengawal viral load agar tidak lagi “transmissable”. Ini satu perkembangan yang baik. Kebanyakan pesakit HIV di ENT datang dengan simptom dan sign seperti di atas. Amat penting untuk petugas kesihatan berjaga-jaga dalam rawatan pesakit HIV agar jangkitan dikawal dengan baik, serta pesakit tidak rasa dipulaukan.

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